Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 13 de 13
Filtrar
1.
Bol. pediatr ; 63(266): 288-296, 2023. graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-232445

RESUMO

El SiVIRA (Sistema de Vigilancia de Infección Respiratoria Aguda) es un sistema de vigilancia de las infecciones por virus de la gripe, virus SARS-CoV-2 y virus respiratorio sincitial (VRS), que permite evaluar la efectividad de las medidas de control y prevención establecidas. Ha sido desarrollado desde el año 2020, siendo sustentado en la experiencia acumulada en el Sistema de Vigilancia de la Gripe en España. La vigilancia, activa durante todo el año, se realiza en el ámbito de la Atención Primaria y en el de la Atención Hospitalaria. Son múltiples las fuentes de información en España, siendo las principales la vigilancia centinela de infección respiratoria aguda leve, en Atención Primaria, y grave, en hospitales, tanto de manera sistemática como de componente sindrómico. Otras fuentes son la investigación de brotes de gripe, la vigilancia virológica no centinela de gripe y VRS, el exceso de mortalidad o la vigilancia internacional. La población centinela en cada comunidad autónoma es aquella atendida por los médicos o centros centinela de Atención Primaria. En el caso de los hospitales centinela, cada uno estima la población de su área de referencia. Han sido publicados informes anuales de las temporadas 2020-2021 y 2021-2022, y disponemos de informes semanales correspondientes a las temporadas 2022-2023 y 2023-2024. En ellos se describen las sucesivas olas pandémicas por COVID-19, así como el comportamiento de las epidemias de gripe y VRS desde el inicio de aquellas.(AU)


SiVIRA is a system for the surveillance of influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and respiratory syncytial viruses (RSV) and the evaluation of established control and prevention measures’ effectiveness. It was developed in 2020, and has been supported by the accumulated experience of the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System. Surveillance, active throughout the year, is carried out in the area of Primary Care and Hospital Care. There are multiple sources of information in Spain, the main ones being sentinel surveillance of mild acute respiratory infection, in Primary Care, and severe, in hospitals, both systematically and with a syndromic component. Other sources are investigation of influenza outbreaks, non-sentinel virological surveillance of influenza and RSV, excess mortality or international surveillance. The sentinel population in each autonomous community are patients attended by Primary Care doctors or sentinel centers. In the case of sentinel hospitals, each one estimates the population of its reference area. Annual reports for the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 seasons and weekly reports corresponding to the 2022-2023 and 2023-2024 seasons have been published.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Sistema de Vigilância em Saúde , /epidemiologia , /prevenção & controle , Infecções Respiratórias/prevenção & controle , Vigilância de Evento Sentinela , Espanha
3.
Rev Esp Quimioter ; 35(3): 265-272, 2022 Jun.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35429965

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: We describe clinically and epidemiologically an outbreak of gastrointestinal infection by Salmonella enterica ser. (serotype) Enteritidis in an urban infant school, which led to high morbidity and significant social alarm. The immediate communication, as well as the adequate study of the outbreak, in both aspects, allowed identifying the pathogen and establishing control measures in a reasonable period of time. Controversial aspects such as the indication of antibiotherapy or the moment of closing the center are discussed. METHODS: We retrospectively collected clinical, analytical and epidemiological information and we reviewed the methodology of the outbreak study and its results. RESULTS: A total of 57 children (3-45 months), were affected and had microbiological confirmation. Diarrhea and fever were the main symptoms. 74% went to the hospital and 37% were admitted (mean stay 3.3 days). Factors associated with admission were: dehydration, significant elevation of acute phase reactants and coagulopathy. Twelve patients received parenteral cefotaxime. There were 2 complications: 1 bacteremia and 1 readmission. The initial suspicion of the origin of the outbreak was food, but the analysis of the control samples was negative. Five workers were positive (2 symptomatic). Epidemiologic Surveillance concluded that the probable origin of the outbreak was an asymptomatic carrier and improper diapers handling. The center was closed for 8 days. Cleaning and disinfection measures were carried out, as well as instruction on diaper changing, and the carriers were followed. CONCLUSIONS: Clustering in time and space of cases should be reported immediately for early control of the outbreak. Children may present severe forms of Salmonella gastroenteritis.


Assuntos
Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella , Infecções por Salmonella , Criança , Surtos de Doenças , Humanos , Lactente , Estudos Retrospectivos , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Intoxicação Alimentar por Salmonella/microbiologia , Infecções por Salmonella/epidemiologia , Salmonella enteritidis , Instituições Acadêmicas , Escolas Maternais
4.
Bol. pediatr ; 56(237): 191-194, 2016. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-160403

RESUMO

Los pacientes oncológicos suponen un número importante de ingresos en UCIP, especialmente las neoplasias hematológicas, por su incidencia aumentada de fallo multiorgánico y necesidad de técnicas de soporte agresivo como la ventilación mecánica invasiva, la depuración extrarrenal y otras. La limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico cuando se producen situaciones de extrema gravedad siempre ha sido una posibilidad a considerar. El pronóstico en los últimos años se ha modificado, con un aumento de la supervivencia. Entre las complicaciones más frecuentes que sufren estos pacientes están las pulmonares, las cuales presentan mejor evolución debido a los avances en ventilación mecánica, como el uso de la ventilación no invasiva. El síndrome de obstrucción sinusoidal hepática es otra de las complicaciones más frecuentes. El caso que presentamos sirve para ilustrar que, a pesar de ser un reto en el manejo dentro de las UCIPs y presentar todavía una alta mortalidad, parece adecuado utilizar todos los tratamientos de soporte disponibles, individualizando cada caso según las circunstancias particulares


Cancer patients constitute a significant number of hospital admissions at the PICU, especially, hematopoietic malignancies for their increased incidence of organ failure and aggressive support techniques such as VMI and renal replacement therapy among others. Therapeutic withdrawal is always a possibility to consider in cases of special severity. In recent years, the prognosis has been improved, with increased survival. Pulmonary complications are usual on these patients. They have a better evolution thanks to the advances in mechanical ventilation, as the use of non-invasive ventilation. Sinusoidal hepatic obstruction syndrom is another usual complication. The present case illustrates that despite being a challenge the management of these patients in the PICU with a high mortality, it seems appropriate to use all available support treatments, on a case by case approach according to the particular circumstances


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Hepatopatia Veno-Oclusiva/etiologia , Insuficiência Respiratória/etiologia , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/cirurgia , Transplante de Células-Tronco de Sangue do Cordão Umbilical , Ventilação não Invasiva
6.
An. pediatr. (2003, Ed. impr.) ; 82(2): 89-94, feb. 2015. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-131883

RESUMO

OBJETIVOS: Conocer si en nuestro medio la duración del sueño y el patrón de distribución del sueño a lo largo del día en < 2 años son similares a los publicados. Obtener información sobre la prevalencia de las alteraciones de la duración del sueño y sobre la influencia de la edad en dicha prevalencia. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal realizado en niños < 2 años de 3 centros de salud de León y Asturias. Mediante la cumplimentación por sus padres del cuestionario de sueño Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ) se analizó la duración del sueño. Para evaluar alteraciones en la duración del sueño se utilizaron percentiles de duración del sueño. Los resultados fueron valorados en el conjunto de niños encuestados y en los 2 grupos creados para su comparación (niños > y < 6 meses) (niños de León y Asturias). RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron 125 niños < 2 años (73 varones). El sueño nocturno aumentó desde 8,28 ± 2,06 h en < 6 meses hasta 10,43 ± 1,21 en > 6 meses (p = 0,0001), disminuyendo el sueño diurno desde 4,61 ± 2,66 a 1,96 ± 0,79 h (p = 0,0001). Los niños leoneses duermen durante el día más horas que los asturianos (3,91 ± 2,67 vs 3,00 ± 2,09 h, p = 0,041). Diecinueve niños tuvieron una duración total de sueño < percentil 2, siendo más frecuente en niños < 6 meses (14/72 vs 5/53, p = 0,006). CONCLUSIONES: Los niños sustituyen el sueño diurno por el sueño nocturno según van creciendo. Aproximadamente el 15% de niños < 2 años podría tener trastornos en la duración del sueño, siendo este hallazgo más frecuente en < 6 meses


OBJECTIVES: The aim is to study the sleep duration and the 24-hour sleep distribution pattern in children under 2 years-old from two different areas of Spain, as well as to determine the prevalence of abnormal sleep duration and the influence of age on this prevalence, and compare them with the already published data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study on children from two health centers: one in Castilla y León and the other in Asturias. Their parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). Daytime and nighttime sleep duration was assessed, with percentiles being used to evaluate the results. Two groups were created: one according to the age (children under or above 6 months), and the other according to the area. RESULTS: A total of 125 children were studied (73 males). The nighttime sleep duration increased from 8.28 ± 2.06 hours to 10.43 ± 1.21 hours (P = .0001) and the daytime sleep decreased from 4.61 ± 2.66 to 1.96 ± 0.79 hours (P = .0001) for children under 6 months and above 6 months, respectively. The children from Castilla y León slept more during daytime than those from Asturias (3.91 ± 2.67 vs 3.00 ± 2.09 hours, P = .041). Nineteen children had a total sleep duration below the 2 nd percentile. A sleep duration below normal percentiles was observed in children under 6 months (14/72 vs 5/53, P = .006). CONCLUSIONS: As children grow older, they substitute daytime sleep for nighttime sleep. Approximately 15% of the children under 2 years-old may have changes in sleep duration, and is more common in children under 6 months


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Sono/genética , Condicionamento Físico Humano/efeitos adversos , Condicionamento Físico Humano , Condicionamento Físico Humano/instrumentação , Sono/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Humano/métodos , Condicionamento Físico Humano/fisiologia , Saúde da Criança
8.
An Pediatr (Barc) ; 82(2): 89-94, 2015 Feb.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24735909

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim is to study the sleep duration and the 24-hour sleep distribution pattern in children under 2 years-old from two different areas of Spain, as well as to determine the prevalence of abnormal sleep duration and the influence of age on this prevalence, and compare them with the already published data. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study on children from two health centers: one in Castilla y León and the other in Asturias. Their parents completed the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ). Daytime and nighttime sleep duration was assessed, with percentiles being used to evaluate the results. Two groups were created: one according to the age (children under or above 6 months), and the other according to the area. RESULTS: A total of 125 children were studied (73 males). The nighttime sleep duration increased from 8.28±2.06 hours to 10.43±1.21 hours (P=.0001) and the daytime sleep decreased from 4.61±2.66 to 1.96±0.79 hours (P=.0001) for children under 6 months and above 6 months, respectively. The children from Castilla y León slept more during daytime than those from Asturias (3.91±2.67 vs 3.00±2.09 hours, P=.041). Nineteen children had a total sleep duration below the 2nd percentile. A sleep duration below normal percentiles was observed in children under 6 months (14/72 vs 5/53, P=.006). CONCLUSIONS: As children grow older, they substitute daytime sleep for nighttime sleep. Approximately 15% of the children under 2 years-old may have changes in sleep duration, and is more common in children under 6 months.


Assuntos
Sono , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Sono/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo
9.
Bol. pediatr ; 55(231): 36-39, 2015. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-134994

RESUMO

Entre las complicaciones descritas tras un daño neurológico destacan los trastornos hidroelectrolíticos tales como la diabetes insípida central (DIC), el síndrome pierde sal cerebral (SPSC) y el síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética (SIADH). La hiponatremia es la complicación electrolítica más frecuente en estos pacientes y su principal manifestación es el edema cerebral, lo que ocasiona un empeoramiento de la clínica neurológica. Este trastorno electrolítico puede ser debido a alteraciones distintas, SPSC o SIADH. Las manifestaciones clínicas de ambos trastornos son similares, pero su patogénesis y su manejo es muy diferente. Es imprescindible la monitorización estrecha de estos pacientes durante su estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos (UCIP) para realizar un diagnóstico y tratamiento precoz. Presentamos el caso de una niña de 9 años que tras un traumatismo craneoencefálico grave y tras una intervención por una fístula de líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR), presentó diversas alteraciones a nivel hidroelectrolítico. Inicialmente fue diagnosticada de SPSC corrigiéndose con SSH3% y fludrocortisona, posteriormente de DIC que precisó desmopresina y finalmente un SIADH corregido con restricción hídrica


Fluid and electrolyte disturbances such as central diabetes insipidus (CDI), cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS) and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) are frequent after acute brain damage. The most common electrolyte complication in these patients is hyponatremia. Cerebral edema is the main manifestation and may produce a worsening of the neurological status. Hyponatremia may be due to SPSC or SIADH, both with similar clinical manifestations but different pathogenesis and management. We report a 9 year old girl who had fluid and electrolyte disturbances after severe traumatic head injury and cerebrospinal fluid fistula surgery. First developed CSWS corrected with SSH3% and fludrocortisone, then a CDI, corrected with desmopresin and finally SIADH, corrected with fluid restriction. The monitoring of these patients in a pediatric intensive care unit is necessary for an early diagnosis and treatment


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Traumatismos Craniocerebrais/complicações , Fludrocortisona/uso terapêutico , Desequilíbrio Hidroeletrolítico/diagnóstico , Diabetes Insípido/etiologia , Síndrome de Secreção Inadequada de HAD/etiologia , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Derrame Subdural/cirurgia
10.
Bol. pediatr ; 55(234): 243-246, 2015.
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-147153

RESUMO

Introducción: Frecuentemente detectamos que una pequeña parte de la población genera un gran número de consultas. Esto supone un importante consumo de recursos. Objetivos: 1) Describir la importancia de la hiperfrecuentación y su impacto económico. 2) Indagar las características de aquellos más hiperfrecuentadores. 3) Averiguar si existía alguna causa relacionada con su salud. Material y métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal. Se incluyeron los menores de 14 años. Se registró número total de visitas y número de pacientes que realizaron cada número de visitas. Se definió hiperfrecuentación como la media de visitas más una desviación estándar. El coste por consulta está valorado en 20,89 Euros. En aquellos con ≥ 20 visitas revisamos el historial. Resultados: Incluimos 875 pacientes (5.206 visitas; 5,95 ± 5,55 visitas/paciente). Hiperfrecuentador fue aquel con más de 12 visitas. Hubo 125 hiperfrecuentadores (14%), realizando 2.098 visitas (40%). Acudieron ≥ 20 veces 26 sujetos (3%), generando 637 visitas (12%). La edad media fue 26,5 ± 18,9 meses. Se encontró correlación negativa entre edad y visitas a hospital (coeficiente -0,26). Padecían ESRL 13. Acudieron a urgencias 1,46 ± 1,5 veces e ingresaron 0,42 ± 0,7 veces. Hubo 6 prematuros (EG 27,8 ± 0,5 semanas; PRN 825,0 ± 253,6 g). Realizaron 29,3 ± 7,0 visitas (21-38). Se encontró correlación negativa entre EG y visitas (coeficiente -0,3), urgencias hospitalarias (-0,27) e ingresos (-0,37). Conclusiones: 1) Los sujetos hiperfrecuentadores son un 14% de la población y ocupan el 40% de las consultas. El ahorro potencial anual que supondría una asistencia similar a la media sería 31.721 Euros. 2) Asimismo sobrecargan los Servicios de Urgencias. 3) Presentan similar morbilidad que el resto de la población. La prematuridad parece influir, aunque no justifica el fenómeno


Introduction: We frequently detect that a small part of the population generates a large number of visits. This accounts for a significant use of resources. Objectives: 1) Describe the importance of frequent users and its economic impact. 2) Investigate the characteristics of those having the most frequent visits. 3) Discover if there is any health-related cause. Material and methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and observational study. Children under 14 years of age were included. Total number of visits and number of patients who made each number of visits were recorded. Frequent use was defined as the mean visits plus one standard deviation. Cost per visit is calculated at 20.89 Euros. We reviewed the clinical record for those having ≥ 20 visits. Results: We included 875 patients (5,206 visits; 5.95 ± 5.55 visits/patient). High level of visitors were those with more than 12 visits. There were 125 high level visitors (14%), who made 2,098 visits (40%). A total of 26 subjects (3%) came ≥ 20 time, generating 637 visits (12%). Mean age was 26.5 ± 18.9 months. There was a negative correlation between age and visits to the hospital (coefficient -0.26). Thirteen had recurrent wheezing episodes in early childhood (RWE-infancy). They came to the emergency service 1.46 ± 1.5 times and were hospitalized 0.42 ± 0.7 times. There were 6 premature babies (gestational age 27.8 ± 0.5 weeks; PRN 825.0 ± 253.6 g). They made 29.3 ± 7.0 visits (21-38). Negative correlation was found between GA and visits (coefficient -0.3), hospital emergencies (-0.27) and admissions (-0.37). Conclusions: 1) Subjects with high frequency of visits accounts for 14% of the population and use 40% of the visits. The potential annual saving that would be obtained with care similar to the mean would be 31,721 Euros. 2) In addition, they overload the Emergency Service. 3) They have similar morbidity as the rest of the population. Prematurity may play a role, although it does not justify the phenomenon


Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Mau Uso de Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitais Pediátricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Serviços Médicos de Emergência/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Ambulatorial/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga de Trabalho/estatística & dados numéricos
11.
Bol. pediatr ; 54(227): 14-19, 2014. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-181281

RESUMO

Introducción: El origen de la lateralidad y su infl uencia en la presencia de patología ha sido estudiado por diversos autores sin haberse obtenido ninguna conclusión definitiva al respecto. Los objetivos de la presente revisión son examinar la prevalencia de la lateralidad, estudiar su etiología y condicionantes, y profundizar en la relación entre la lateralidad y la salud. Desarrollo: Existen diversas teorías sobre el origen de la lateralidad. La mayoría de los autores aceptan que existe un componente genético, pero se desconocen los mecanismos de herencia y el gen o los genes implicados. Por otro lado, parece ser que ciertos niveles hormonales intraútero, como los de testosterona, melatonina o vitamina D, podrían jugar un papel en el desarrollo de una lateralidad no diestra. Otros eventos prenatales, como las infecciones o la hipoxia, también parecen infl uir en la especialización hemisférica. Además, existe una fuerte infl uencia ambiental en la preferencia manual. Ya sea como causa o como consecuencia, se ha relacionado la lateralidad con determinadas patologías y eventos adversos, como enfermedades autoinmunes, psiquiátricas y perinatales. Conclusiones: Aunque existen diversos estudios sobre el origen, la etiopatogenia y las implicaciones sobre la salud de una lateralidad no diestra, son muchas las incógnitas que quedan por resolver. Sin embargo, hay evidencias para pensar que los individuos zurdos podrían ser más propensos a padecer ciertas patologías. Un mayor estudio en este campo podría proporcionarnos un conocimiento más amplio sobre el funcionamiento del sistema nervioso central y su infl uencia sobre determinadas enfermedades


Introduction: The origin of the laterality and its influence in the presence of pathology has been studied by various authors without having obtained any defi nitive conclusion on the matter. The objectives of this review are to examine the prevalence of laterality, study its etiology and constraints, and deepen the relationship between the laterality and health. Development: There are various theories about the origin of laterality. The majority of the authors agree that there is a genetic component, but it is unknown the mechanisms of inheritance, and the gene or genes involved. On the other hand, seems to be that certain intrauterine hormonal levels, such as testosterone, melatonin, or vitamin D may play a role in the development of a laterality not skillful. Other prenatal events, such as infections or hypoxia, also appear to influence the hemispheric specialization. In addition there is a strong environmental influence on the preference manual. Either as a cause or as a result, it has been related the laterality with certain pathologies and adverse events, such as autoimmune diseases, and perinatal psychiatric. Conclusions: Although there are various studies on the origin, the pathogenesis and the implications for the health of a laterality does not right hand, there are many questions that remain to be resolved. However, there is evidence to believe that the left-handed individuals might be more prone to certain diseases. A further study in this fi eld could provide a more comprehensive knowledge on the functioning of the central nervous system and its influence on certain diseases


Assuntos
Humanos , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Dominância Cerebral/fisiologia
12.
Bol. pediatr ; 53(225): 172-175, 2013. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-117305

RESUMO

El manejo de los pacientes con sospecha de enfermedad de Kawasaki incompleta es difícil. La ausencia de marcadores específicos de la enfermedad y la similitud con otros procesos infecciosos mucho más frecuentes pueden conducir a un retraso en el diagnóstico. Es importante mantener un alto índice de sospecha para poder iniciar el tratamiento con inmunoglobulina precozmente y prevenir la afectación coronaria. Las recomendaciones de la Academia Americana de Pediatría y la Asociación Americana del Corazón son una guía útil para mejorar el rendimiento diagnóstico en estos casos. En el siguiente caso clínico exponemos una EK incompleta y se discuten las bases para el diagnóstico (AU)


The management of patients with suspicion of incomplete Kawasaki disease is difficult. The absence of specific markers of the disease and its similarity to other much more frequent infectious processes may lead to a delay in its diagnosis. It is important to maintain a high index of suspicion to be able to initiate immunoglobin treatment early and to prevent coronary involvement. The recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association are a useful guide to improve the diagnostic yield in these cases. We present an incomplete Kawasaki disease in the following clinical case and discuss the bases for its diagnosis (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulinas/uso terapêutico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Diagnóstico Precoce , Aneurisma/prevenção & controle
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...